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ECG Fundamentals

Master electrocardiogram interpretation

Step 1 of 5

Basic ECG Components

The ECG is a graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity. Let's explore each component systematically.

Interactive ECG Waveform

Educational ECG Components
25 mm/s, 10 mm/mV

Click on the components below to highlight them on the ECG waveform

P Wave

Represents atrial depolarization

Click to view details below ↓

PR Interval

Time from start of P wave to start of QRS

QRS Complex

Represents ventricular depolarization

ST Segment

Time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

T Wave

Represents ventricular repolarization

QT Interval

Total ventricular depolarization and repolarization time

P Wave Details

Normal Value

< 0.12 seconds, upright in leads I, II, aVF

Abnormal Findings

  • Peaked: Right atrial enlargement
  • Notched: Left atrial enlargement
  • Absent: Atrial fibrillation

Clinical Significance

Shows atrial electrical activity and timing